Forward the Foundation Chapter 22

Part IV Wanda Seldon SELDON, WANDA-†¦ In the melting away long periods of Hari Seldon's life, he became generally joined to (some state subordinate upon) his granddaughter, Wanda. Stranded in her youngsters, Wanda Seldon gave herself to her granddad's Psychohistory Project, filling the opportunity left by Yugo Amaryl†¦ The substance of Wanda Seldon's work remains to a great extent a secret, for it was directed in practically all out confinement. The main people permitted access to Wanda Seldon's exploration were Hari himself and a youngster named Stettin Palver (whose relative Preem would 400 years after the fact add to the resurrection of Trantor, as the planet rose from the remains of the Great Sack [300 F.E.1). Despite the fact that the full degree of Wanda Seldon's commitment to the Foundation is obscure, it was without a doubt of the best magnitude†¦ Reference book Galactica 1 Hari Seldon strolled into the Galactic Library (limping a bit, as he accomplished increasingly more regularly nowadays) and made for the banks of skitters, the little vehicles that slid their way along the relentless hallways of the structure complex. He was held up, be that as it may, by seeing three men situated at one of the galactography niches, with the Galactograph indicating the Galaxy in full three-dimensional portrayal and, obviously, its universes gradually pinwheeling around its center, turning at right edges to that also. From where Seldon stood he could see that the fringe Province of Anacreon was separated in gleaming red. It avoided the edge of the Galaxy and took up an incredible volume, however it was scantily populated with stars. Anacreon was not noteworthy for either riches or culture but rather was wonderful for its good ways from Trantor: ten thousand parsecs away. Seldon following up without much forethought, sat down at a PC comfort close to the three and set up an arbitrary hunt he was certain would take an uncertain period. Some impulse revealed to him that such an extreme enthusiasm for Anacreon must be political in nature-its situation in the Galaxy made it one of the least secure property of the present Imperial system. His eyes stayed on his screen, yet Seldon's ears were open for the conversation close to him. One didn't as a rule hear political conversations in the Library. They were, in purpose of certainty, shouldn't occur. Seldon didn't have the foggiest idea about any of the three men. That was not so much astonishing. There were fans of the Library, many, and Seldon knew the majority of them by sight-and some even to converse with however the Library was available to all residents. No capabilities. Anybody could enter and utilize its offices. (For a restricted timeframe, obviously. Just a chosen few, as Seldon were permitted to â€Å"set up shop† in the Library. Seldon had been conceded the utilization of a bolted private office and complete access to Library assets.) One of the men (Seldon thought of him as Hook Nose, for evident reasons) talked in a low pressing voice. â€Å"Let it go,† he said. â€Å"Let it go. It's costing us a mint to attempt to hang on and, regardless of whether we do, it might be while they're there. They can't remain there always and, when they leave, the circumstance will return to what it was.† Seldon recognized what they were discussing. The news had come over TrantorVision just three days prior that the Imperial government had settled on a demonstration of power to bring the obstreperous Governor of Anacreon into line. Seldon's own psychohistorical examination had given him that it was a pointless methodology, however the administration didn't for the most part listen when its feelings were blended. Seldon grinned marginally and horridly at hearing Hook Nose say what he himself had said-and the youngster said it without the advantage of any information on psychohistory. Snare Nose went on. â€Å"If we disregard Anacreon, what do we lose? It's still there, right where it generally was, directly at the edge of the Empire. It can't get and go to Andromeda, can it? So it despite everything needs to exchange with us and life proceeds. What's the distinction on the off chance that they salute the Emperor or not? You'll always be unable to tell the difference.† The subsequent man, whom Seldon had marked Baldy, for much progressively clear reasons, stated, â€Å"Except this entire business doesn't exist in a vacuum. On the off chance that Anacreon goes, the other fringe areas will go. The Empire will break up.† â€Å"So what?† murmured Hook Nose furiously. â€Å"The Empire can't run itself successfully any longer, at any rate. It's too large. Release the outskirt and deal with itself-on the off chance that it can. The Inner Worlds will be all the more grounded and happier. The outskirt doesn't need to be our own strategically; it will at present be our own economically.† Furthermore, presently the third man (Red Cheeks) stated, â€Å"I wish you were correct, yet that is not the way it will work. In the event that the fringe territories set up their freedom, the main thing each will do will be to attempt to expand its capacity to the detriment of its neighbors. There'll be war and strife and all of the governors will fantasy about turning out to be Emperor finally. It will resemble the past times before the Kingdom of Trantor-a dull age that will keep going for a large number of years.† Baldy stated, â€Å"Surely things won't be that terrible. The Empire may separate, however it will recuperate itself immediately when individuals discover that the separation just methods war and impoverishment. They'll think back on the brilliant days of the unblemished Empire and all will be well once more. We're not brutes, you know. We'll discover a way.† â€Å"Absolutely,† said Hook Nose. €Å"we must recall that the Empire has confronted a great many emergencies in its history and has gotten through time and again.† Be that as it may, Red Cheeks shook his head as he stated, â€Å"This isn't simply one more emergency. This is something much more awful. The Empire has been falling apart for ages. Ten years of the junta pulverized the economy and since the fall of the junta and the ascent of this new Emperor, the Empire has been powerless to the point that the governors on the Periphery don't need to do anything. It will fall of its own weight.† â€Å"And the loyalty to the Emperor-† started Hook Nose. â€Å"What allegiance?† said Red Cheeks. â€Å"We went for a considerable length of time without an Emperor after Cleon was killed and nobody appeared to mind a lot. Also, this new Emperor is only a nonentity. There's no other viable option for him. There's no other option for anyone. This isn't an emergency. This is the end. â€Å" The other two gazed at Red Cheeks, scowling. Baldy stated, â€Å"You truly trust it! You imagine that the Imperial government will simply stay there and let everything happen?† â€Å"Yes! Like both of you, they will have a hard time believing it is going on. That is, until it's too late.† â€Å"What would you need them to do on the off chance that they believed it?† asked Baldy. Red Cheeks gazed into the Galactograph, as though he may discover an answer there. â€Å"I don't have a clue. See, at the appointed time of time I'll bite the dust; things won't be really awful by at that point. A while later, as the circumstance deteriorates, others can stress over it. I'll be no more. Thus will past times worth remembering. Possibly until the end of time. I'm not by any means the only one who thinks this, coincidentally. Ever know about somebody named Hari Seldon?† â€Å"Sure,† said Hook Nose on the double. â€Å"Wasn't he First Minister under Cleon?† â€Å"Yes,† said Red Cheeks. â€Å"He's a type of researcher. I heard him give a discussion a couple of months back. It felt great to know I'm not by any means the only one who accepts the Empire is self-destructing. He said-â€Å" â€Å"And he said everything's going to pot and there will be a perpetual dim age?† Baldy added. â€Å"Well no,† said Red Cheeks. â€Å"He's one of these genuine wary sorts. Wrath says it may occur, however he's off-base. It will happen.† Seldon had heard enough. He limped toward the table where the three men sat and contacted Red Cheeks on the shoulder. â€Å"Sir,† he stated, â€Å"may I address you for a moment?† Alarmed, Red Cheeks gazed upward and afterward he stated, â€Å"Hey, aren't you Professor Seldon?† â€Å"I consistently have been,† said Seldon. He gave the man a reference tile bearing his photo. â€Å"I might want to see you here in my Library office at 4 P.M., day after tomorrow. Would you be able to oversee that?† â€Å"I need to work.† â€Å"Call in debilitated in the event that you need to. It's important.† â€Å"Well, I don't know, sir.† â€Å"Do it,† said Seldon. â€Å"If you get into any kind of difficulty over it, I'll fix it. What's more, then, refined men, do you mind in the event that I study the Galaxy reenactment for a second? It's been quite a while since I've taken a gander at one.† They gestured mutely, clearly abashed at being within the sight of a previous First Minister. Individually the men ventured back and permitted Seldon access to the Galactograph controls. Seldon's finger contacted the controls and the red that had separated the Province of Anacreon disappeared. The Galaxy was plain, a sparkling pinwheel of fog lighting up into the circular gleam at the inside, behind which was the Galactic dark gap. Singular stars couldn't be made out, obviously, except if the view were amplified, however then just some part of the Galaxy would be appeared on the screen and Seldon needed to see the entire thing - to get a gander at the Empire that was disappearing. He pushed a contact and a progression of yellow spots showed up on the Galactic picture. They spoke to the tenable planets-twenty-5,000,000 of them. They could be recognized as individual spots in the flimsy mist that spoke to the edges of the Galaxy, however they were increasingly more thickly positioned as one moved in toward the middle. There was a belt of what appeared to be strong yellow (however which would isolate into singular specks under amplification) around the focal gleam. The focal sparkle itself stayed white and plain, obviously. No tenable planets could exist amidst the violent energies of the center. Regardless of the incredible thickness of

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purchase custom Robert E. Lee as a military administrator paper Robert Edward Lee was conceived on the nineteenth day of January 1807 and satisfied the twelfth day of October 1870. He went to class and graduated second in the West Point class of 1829. He was prepared as a battle designer and used to create ports and harbors and performed very well in his underlying assignments. Lee encountered his first battle during the episode of the war with Mexico and where he had the option to separate himself enduring an onslaught. Lee chose to leave the U.S Army at the period of 54years (1861) and was selected as the officer of the province of Virginias powers (Paterson, 1987). He is most popular for directing the Confederate which he renamed as the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. He showed his exceptional endowments be the capacity to perceive his enemys shortcomings and aims and reasonable choices in control of his powers Lee denoted his underlying accomplishment by turning around George McClellan and his numerically Superior Union armed force when they undermined Richmond (Maslowski, 1987). He emphatically accepted that the alliance could just keep up its self-rule by assaulting and crushing the Union armed force legitimately. His aptitudes in strongholds created protective achievement in 1863 at Fredericksburg and with his splendid counterattack he had the option to rise the winner in a progression of his fights. Dregs achievement was set apart by a progression of occasions where he was utilized as a specialist at Baltimore and Washington. He was later delegated director of West Point during which period he did numerous significant changes in the foundation before his arrangement as lieut in 1855. Dregs achievement didn't end and kept on being elevated because of the positive consequences of his duties and was later made colonel of the first U.SS Calvary. Lee was elevated up to the position of brigadier-general (the most noteworthy position) in the military. It tends to be said that Lee was effective to the degree of guaranteeing that subjection was canceled by taking part in wars for the enthusiasm of the South. From his accomplishments he merits the honors stood to him by ages of students of history and won a high spot among the antiquarians. Lee got back in the fall of 1865 and expected the administration of Washington College (as of now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia. Sadly Lee met his passing while in this University (October 12, 1870) after a genuine battle with a coronary illness. His polished methodology, nobility and military aptitudes earned him the title military saint in the U.S and left an inheritance that makes him an image of Southern pride. More or less Lee can be portrayed as a magnetic, splendid and a friendly person. Purchase custom Robert E. Lee as a military leader exposition

Peyote Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Peyote Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print What to Know About Peyote Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 kedsirin jaidee / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Peyote Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Tolerance & Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Peyote (Lophophora williamsii or Lophophora diffusa) is a small, spineless cactus that is found in the southwest United States, northern Mexico and Peru. The plant has been used for about six thousand years by native tribes for religious and healing purposes. Peyotes principal active ingredient is mescaline, a psychedelic  compound that can also be man-made through chemical synthesis.?? The peyote buttons, protrusions found on the tops of the cactus plants, are usually dried and then chewed or soaked to be made into a liquid such as tea for consumption. They can also be ground into a powder and used in capsules or smoked with tobacco or cannabis.?? As a Schedule I substance, peyote is considered an illegal and addictive drug in the United States. However, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) Amendments of 1994 gives Native Americans the legal right to use peyote for their religious services.?? This exemption has been an ongoing and contentious issue for many years, although case law has determined that even members of the Native American Church who do not have Native American ancestry can legally use peyote in this context. Also Known As:  Peyote is also known as  buttons, cactus, mesc, peyoto, blue cap, broken, bad seed, britton, hikori, hikuli, half moon, hyatari, P, nubs, seni, and tops Drug Class: Peyote is classified as a hallucinogen. Common Side Effects: Peyote is known to cause nausea and vomiting, increased body temperature, hallucinations, altered perceptions of space and time, impaired motor coordination, euphoria, and anxiety.?? How to Recognize Peyote Peyote buttons (the “crown” or top of the peyote cactus) look like disc-shaped buttons. They can be fresh or dried and users can chew them or soak them in water to make an intoxicating liquid. Since peyote has a bitter taste, it is also ground into an off-white powder that is placed inside a capsule to be swallowed or sprinkled into a cigarette or marijuana joint to be smoked. What Does Peyote Do? Peyote is a hallucinogen, meaning it can cause profound distortions in a persons perceptions of reality (known as hallucinations), including seeing, hearing, and feeling things that seem real but are not. Hallucinogens are thought to affect neural circuits in the brain involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a role in mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control.?? The effects of peyote, which can range from a deeply mystical transcendental state to a “bad trip” and dysphoric symptoms, depending on the potency and amount ingested, as well as the user’s expectations, mood, surroundings, and mental health history. Many describe the high as dream-like.?? The effects are often intensified when the drug is combined with substances like alcohol or stimulants, which can be potentially harmful to a persons mental health.?? As soon as 30 minutes after ingesting peyote, people can begin to experience its effects as well as physical discomfort (including nausea, sweating, and chills) that can last up to two hours before reaching a peak. The hallucinogenic effects typically peak around two hours after ingestion, and gradually decline over the next eight to 12 hours.?? Some users compare these peaks to LSD trips in that they profoundly alter perceptions of self and reality and can intensify emotions. The effects are also similar to other hallucinogens like psilocybin (the hallucinogen in magic mushrooms) and PCP.?? What the Experts Say According to a 2014 study on the prevalence of peyote use in Native Americans, there was a fairly large surge in the number of Native Americans who used peyote for roughly four years after the AIRFA passed.?? Researchers believe the increase in use was likely due to more people admitting to using peyote once it was legal. Since that time, the number leveled to just under 10%. Peyote use in the rest of the U.S. population is between 1% to 2%, although most data sources that quantify drug use exclude peyote, so it is hard to gauge the full scope of the use.   Though peyote can certainly cause negative effects such as those mentioned above, the research that has been done indicates that ingesting peyote doesnt appear to be life-threatening and most adverse effects go away in time.?? The mescaline in peyote, however, is known to be potentially harmful to developing fetuses, so if youre pregnant or think youre pregnant, you should not use peyote.?? Off-Label or Recently Approved Uses Peyote has been used by Native Americans for thousands of years in religious ceremonies and for the treatment of various physical ailments. The use of peyote is illegal in the United States and classified as a Schedule 1 controlled drug, although there remains an exception for members of the Native American Church who, when assisted by a a healer or roadman (similar to a priest or minister) use the drug to facilitate communication with the Great Spirit, also called the Creator. Peyote and other hallucinogens have also been studied as a possible treatment for a variety of mental health conditions including schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dementia, which are all associated with perceptual distortions.?? Common Side Effects The amount of mescaline needed to produce hallucinations is very smallâ€"usually 0.3 to 0.5 grams. The effects can last up to 12 hours, but this depends on your size, metabolism, and how much you ingest. The physical effects of peyote tend to be similar to those of LSD and include:?? Increased body temperatureIncreased heart rateUncoordinated movementsWeaknessProfound sweatingSevere nausea and vomitingIncreased blood pressureNumbnessAppetite lossFlushingDifficulty sleeping Mental effects that can occur include:?? HallucinationsAnxietyEuphoriaAltered sense of time (i.e., it passes slowly or quickly)Altered awarenessInability to focus or concentratePanicParanoiaA sense of relaxationAltered feelings and perceptions According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, there isnt much known about the long-term effects of the majority of hallucinogens, including peyote.?? However, it is known that repeated or long-term use of hallucinogens can cause the following effects: Prolonged psychosis: Though this condition is rare, symptoms include visual disturbances and scattered thinking, as well as periods of paranoia or mood disturbances.??Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD): Rarelyâ€"about 4% of people who use hallucinogensâ€"will use of peyote and other hallucinogens such as LSD contribute to the development of HPPD, which is when you develop flashbacks of hallucinations and visual disturbances that dont go away and may even begin to interfere with your daily tasks of living.?? These symptoms can be mistaken for neurological disorders such as a stroke or a brain tumor. Though both persistent psychosis and HPPD are rare among people who use peyote, they can occur without warning and have been reported even after a single exposure to peyote. Generally, these symptoms occur in people with a history of psychiatric problems. Signs of Use According to the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, if a loved one is using peyote, there will be some telltale signs, including:?? Flushed skinLoss of appetiteDry mouthSleep problemsUncoordinated movementsExcessive sweatingPanicParanoiaSensory confusion (such as “seeing” sounds or “hearing” colors)Disordered thinking or detachment from reality When to Seek Help If you feel physically ill or mentally out of control, call 911 or ask a trusted friend (preferably someone who is not intoxicated) to go with you to the nearest emergency room. The ER staff is not looking to get you in trouble but to keep you safe and help you get the best treatment for your current state. Myths Common Questions Peyote is often considered a relatively safe drug due to its presence in nature and long history of use in religious ceremonies, but peyote use is not without its negative effects. There is also often confusion about peyotes legal status under the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, which ensured that native people can exercise their traditional  religious ceremonies, including those that incorporate peyote use. While legitimate religious use is permitted under the law, the recreational use of peyote is illegal in the United States. It is legal to grow peyote in Texas, however, so long as licensed peyote distributors are registered with the federal Drug Enforcement Agency.?? Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Like other psychedelics, peyote is not necessarily addictive when used sparingly, and in some cases, can be used to treat addiction and substance abuse. However, peyote users are more susceptible to building a high tolerance, requiring the use of more and more peyote to achieve the same effects. Peyote tolerance can build quickly with regular use and in as few as three to six days.?? How Long Does Peyote Stay in Your System? Peyote can be detected in the human body for as few as two days and for up to three months.  The length of time that peyote stays in your system depends on individual factors, such as your  metabolism, body mass, age, hydration level, physical activity, and health conditions. Due to all of these factors, there isnt a definite period of time that peyote can remain in your body. However, there is an estimated range of times during which peyote can be found with certain tests, including:?? Urine: 2 to 3 daysBlood: Up to 24 hoursSaliva: 1 to 10 daysHair follicle: Up to 90 days Screening for peyote use isnt included in routine drug tests, so mescaline must be tested for specifically. Addiction Peyote does not appear to be addictive, but further research is needed to determine if addiction is possible. Some general signs of addiction you may want to watch out for: Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the tripUsing peyote, despite any consequences or negative effectsTaking higher doses than necessary for a greater highTolerance, or needing more of the drug to get the effects experienced the first time Withdrawal While more research is needed to determine the specific withdrawal symptoms linked to peyote, the drug has been known to cause psychological symptoms of withdrawal, such as depression or dysphoria.?? How to Get Help If you or someone you love is showing signs of peyote misuse, or any other type of illicit substance, its important to know that help is available. While theres no specific treatment for peyote addiction, there are evidence-based addiction treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), support groups, life skills training, and relapse prevention that may be a good fit.

Pure Monopoly Essay

Introduction: In the world of economics, there are aspects of the state of market that exist which somehow brings favourable or unfavourable grounds for trade. The different types of market structures that do exist might influence the way of operation of a market economy e.g. the degree of concentration of sellers in an industry, the degree of product differentiation, and the ease or difficulty with which new sellers can enter the industry, are some of the factors that make me disagree with the aspect of the existence of a monopolized or pure monopoly in consideration of the current market economies. Definition of pure monopoly A market in which one company has control over the entire market for a product, usually because of a barrier to entry such as a technology only available to that company in that there is no substitute a part from the existing business. To clarify on the aspect of lack of the existence of a pure monopoly I will look at some of the market structures which ideologically somehow prove the inexistence of a pure monopoly. Degree of concentration of sellers in an industry: Refers to the number of sellers in an industry together with their comparative shares of industry sales.   When there are a large number of sellers and the number of shares in the market is minimal that in real practice one seller won’t be able to make any impact in the market or try to output any existing competitor. This will bring in another concept of ‘oligopoly’, market situation in which each of a few producers affects but does not control the market. This will somehow dictate how the rivalry among sellers is managed. Product differentiation and promotion This is mostly determined by the consumers of these products in the market, whereby some consumers prefer certain products over others. The degree of product differentiation as registered in the strength of buyer preferences ranges from slight to fairly large. The greatest part being infrequently purchased consumer goods, ‘prestige goods’ i.e. gifts. Duplicity of aims The varying market performance makes the individual sellers to intrinsically have two conflicting aims. One is to establish a monopolistic level of price on their commodities with an aim of maximizing their profits, and the fundamental antagonism toward rival sellers and wants to maximize his or her own profits even at the expense of others on the other hand. With these two conflicting aims there is likelihood of their rivals reactions being stronger deterrents to independent actions.

Online Learners An Online Learner - 958 Words

As an online learner you are studying without the physical attendance of a classroom. You study at home, work or wherever you like, whenever you like, without a set time. You set your own schedule and study at your own pace. As a previous online learner almost a year ago studying a diploma, I have some insight to what it is like to be exposed to that kind of environment as I have studied before, it takes motivation and the eager determination to learn. If you prefer to study at your own pace where ever it may be or you want to balance home, work and study life then studying as an online learner is for you. What is like to be an online learner? As an online learner, aiming to be a professional in the field of teaching I have learned the skills and attributes I need in order to be successful is being motivated to complete assessments and weekly activities. I find with myself the most important attribute to bring to studying online is staying motivated and being an active online learner, you need to be organized with note taking and being aware of general dates. Computer skills are also an essential in order to make your way around the student tool box such as black board. Critical thinking and always asking questions I consider are important for you want to be able to question what you don’t understand and lastly time management skills, I believe is essential to molding with your schedule as opposed to having to attend to a lecture at a specific time. Studying as anShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics of the Online Learner800 Words   |  4 PagesCharacteristics of the Online Learner Learners (specifically adult) engage in learning or training for various reasons, i.e., learning new skills to, add value to their qualifications, mandated by their employers, optimize spare time etc. However, learners face the challenge of remaining motivated if they do not feel the training is relevant or practical. To develop effective training when preparing a training plan/instructional material, trainers/instructional designers must be conscious of notRead MoreCharacteristics of a Successful Online Learner852 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful Online Learner Furthering our education is proving to be more and more on demand, ever since the crash of the economy and a rising number of job losses in the United States. 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Onuoha College 100 American Public University Jennifer Staley Online Learning and the Adult Learner Knowledge is power, therefore it is always a good thing for adults to be involved in continued education. The level does not really matter, be it in pursuant of certificate, bachelor or doctorate degree, but the ability to be involved in the process and going through the rigors of such endeavorRead MoreOnline Learning and the Adult Learner Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a growing gap between the knowledge necessary to succeed in life, and the things learned and available yesteryear. Today more than ever, adult learners require solutions to meet the demands of their crazy schedules, as well as their need for further knowledge. According to the American Council on Education, adult learners are defined as learners over the age of 25, and for the last two decades encompass approximately 40 percent of college attending students. 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The Criminal Justice Process Free Essays

The Criminal Justice Process Free Essays Abstract This paper describes all the steps taken during the criminal justice process. It explains how important it is to follow due process according to the bill of rights. During this process suspects are put through a series of steps, some within hours of an arrest and some may take days, weeks, and or months. We will write a custom essay sample on The Criminal Justice Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The criminal justice process is numerous steps taken to process a criminal case beginning with an investigation and arrest. An investigation is done by the police and they must gather enough evidence to identify a suspect in order to make an arrest. In most cases, criminals are not arrested on the scene of a crime, they are apprehended later (Schmalleger, 2011). In cases like this, an arrest warrant is issued by a judge if there is enough probable cause to make an arrest. Probable cause is the legal requirement for an arrest connecting a suspect to a particular crime. Arrest is always done with discretion and is a serious step in the criminal justice process. During an arrest defendants are warned of their Miranda Rights prior to questioning. Police feel they are on safe ground by advising suspects of their rights immediately after arrest; however an arrest without questioning does not require a warning (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Following an arrest, suspects are booked. The booking process is an administrative procedure. It includes pictures being taken, fingerprints, and personal information is recorded such as date of birth, address, weight and height. Details of charges are put on the arrest record. Suspects are advised to sign a form with each right stated. The second step in the criminal justice process is pretrial activities, which can take place within hours of the arrest. In this step a suspect will make their appearance before a magistrate where the judicial officer will tell them of the charges against them and once again is advised of their rights and may be offered bail. If a suspect post a bond on first appearance they may not flee, otherwise the cash deposit or property bond will be ordered to forfeit the posted cash or property (Schmalleger, 2011). Suspects who have serious crimes and are not afforded bail are taken to jail to wait for the next step which is a preliminary hearing. During the first appearance, defendants who can’t afford a lawyer will be appointed one. During the third step, preliminary hearing is a process where enough sufficient evidence must be established and exist against the suspect to continue in the criminal justice process. The defense has a chance to analyze the strength of the prosecution case and may request a plea bargain. This is also where the prosecution has a chance to build a case against the suspect and presents any evidence and may offer a plea bargain. The fourth step in the criminal justice process is indictment by grand jury. This is when the prosecutor has enough probable cause to prosecute a capital offense. During indictment, a defendant or a defendant lawyer does not have a right to be present at grand jury proceedings. Another option a prosecutor may take is filling a charge document called information. This is to determine if there is enough evidence to warrant a trial. A defendant and attorney can be present at the information hearing to dispute the charges (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Step five in the criminal justice process is arraignment by a judge. This is when a defendant enters a plea of guilty, not guilty or no contest (nolo contendere). An arraignment is conducted in open court and the indictment or information on the charge is read to the defendant. Step six, adjudication. This step points out that every criminal has a right to trial by jury. If there is doubt based on reason the accused is entitled to be acquitted. The standard of evidence for a criminal conviction is guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In most jurisdictions, criminal cases never come to trial (Schmalleger, 2011). Some states allow trials for less serious offenses before a judge, called a bench trial. In other cases, a jury is said to be deadlocked, and a judge will declare a mistrial. Step seven is sentencing by a judge. If the accused is found guilty, a judge will impose a form of punishment. Possible sentences include a fine, probations, a period of incarceration in jail or prison or some have a combination of supervision of the community and incarceration. Criminals found guilty, of one or more charges are ordered to serve one sentence after another is completed called a consecutive sentence. Or there sentence may run at the same time, called concurrent sentence (Schmalleger, 2011). In many cases convictions are appealed and filed by attorneys in appellate court and then ruled on appellate judges. If the appellate reverses a case, the case returns to trial court for retrial. The appeal process can be very complex and can involve both federal and state judiciaries. Even if a prosecutor drops the charges, the defendant can still be prosecuted later as long as the statue of limitations for the crime the defendant is being accused of committing hasn’t run out. Appeals are based on the defendants claim that rules of procedure were not follow properly at some earlier stage in the criminal justice process. The last but not least process is corrections. Punishment and or rehabilitation processed by local, state or federal correctional authorities. Once an offender has been sentenced, the corrections stage begins. Most inmates do not serve the complete term and are released before their maximum sentence expires (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Inmates are assigned to confinement facilities and treatment programs. Not all offenders end up in prison. Some are ordered to prison and then have their sentences suspended and a probation term imposed. Offenders who have served a portion of their time may be freed on probation or parole. If conditions of probation or parole are not met, it will be revoked and result in more jail time. In conclusion the criminal justice process is to be conducted with fairness and equality, the due process. This process must recognize the individual rights of criminal defendants facing prosecution by state or federal government. Due process is what guarantees the fifth, sixth and fourteenth amendment. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without the due process of law, and each state is bound and required to respect the due process rights of United States citizens who come under their jurisdictions. There are many more suspects and defendants than inmates. Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010) The Criminal Justice Process Chart References Schmalleger, F. (2011) Criminal justice today: An Introductory text for the 21st century (11th ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NY: Pearson Prentice Hall Cliff Notes (2000-2010) The Process of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on October 19, 2010 from http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/The-Process-of-Criminal Justice. topicArticleId-10065,art icleId-9909. html New Jersey Judiciary (2001) The Criminal Justice Process. Retrieved on October 19, 2010 From http://www. judiciary. state. nj. us/criminal/crproc. htm How to cite The Criminal Justice Process, Essays

Modest Mouse - Good News for People Who Love Bad News free essay sample

Modest Mouse is one of my favorite bands.I have been enjoying and rocking out to their music for two years now. Ifirst heard about them through a friend when they were not mainstreampunk/rock. Then this year â€Å"Float On† started grabbingpeople’s attention and now Modest Mouse is nationallyknown. Their CD â€Å"Good News for People Who Love BadNews† not only has a catchy title but also great music. The musicis not loud, hard core or really all that punk; many refer to ModestMouse as indie rock. It’s good music with great lyrics that getstuck in your head, and you want them to stay stuck because the music islike a high. The lyrics are very truthful since they sing aboutwhat is on their mind and it’s awesome. The whole CD is justnonstop enjoyment. Some of my favorite songs include â€Å"The GoodTimes are Killing Me,† â€Å"Black Cadillacs,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bukowski† and â€Å"Blame It on theTetons. We will write a custom essay sample on Modest Mouse Good News for People Who Love Bad News or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Modest Mouse has eight albums out in stores, butmy all- time favorites are â€Å"Building Nothing Out ofSomething† and â€Å"This is a Long Drive for Someone WithNothing to Think About,† which are great additions to your CDcollection. I promise you that this is a CD that will stay in yourplayer.

BUSH Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

BUSH Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning Bush is an English surname meaning either: Dweller near a bush or a thicket of bushes, a  wood or a grove, from the Middle English bushe (probably  from either the Old English word busc or the  Old Norse  buskr), meaning bush.Dweller at the sign of a bush (usually a wine merchant). The Bush surname could also be an Americanized version of the German surname Busch. Alternate Surname Spellings:  BUSCH, BISH, BYSH, BYSSHE, BUSSCHE, BUSCHER, BOSCHE, BUSHE, BOSCH, BOUSHE, CUTBUSH Where in the World is the BUSH Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Bush surname is found most prevalently in the United States, with an especially strong presence in the states of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Georgia and West Virginia. The name is also more popular in New Zealand and Australia, as well as England (especially the East Anglia region). Famous People With the BUSH Surname George H. W. Bush -  41st President of the United StatesGeorge Walker Bush - 43rd President of the United StatesJeb Bush - Governor of Florida from 1998–2007George Washington Bush -  black pioneer settler of the Pacific NorthwestReggie Bush - American football running back for the NFLSarah Bush Lincoln - Stepmother of Abraham LincolnKate Bush -  English singer-songwriter, dancer and record producer Genealogy Resources for the Surname BUSH Bush Surname DNA Project: Any individual with a Bush lineage (or some variant of this name, such as Busch) from anywhere in the world is encouraged to participate in this DNA study, incorporating Y-DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to sort out Bush lineages around the world. Bush Family Association of America: Open to all descendants of, and others actively interested in, the Bush line of  Prescott and Susannah Hines Bush of Edgefield, South Carolina and Webster County, Georgia. Bush Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Bush surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Bush surname query. FamilySearch - BUSH Genealogy: Explore over 2 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Bush surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Rootsweb - BUSH Genealogy Mailing List: Join this free genealogy mailing list for discussion  and sharing of information regarding the Bush surname, or search/browse the mailing list archives. The Bush Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bush surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Freelance Writing X Factor

The Freelance Writing X Factor The Freelance Writing X Factor The Freelance Writing X Factor By Daniel Scocco All right, lets go straight to the point: there is no writing tip in this post, and yes it contains a plug for a paid product. However, I am not writing this for money, but rather because I think the product could be useful and worth it for many of you guys. The link you will find below is not an affiliate one, so we wont gain commissions if you buy or dont buy it. With that out of the way, let me briefly describe what the deal is. Brian Clark is one of the online marketers and copywriters I most respect. He managed to build a business that generates six figures in monthly revenues, and he did that with a 100% ethical and transparent approach. Today he is launching a course titled Freelance X Factor, which is aimed at people who want to make a living out of freelance writing and copywriting. If you read this blog, there are some good chances you are interested in earning money with your writing skills right? Here are some of the topics covered: How to mix and match your way to a unique market position How you’ll easily charge more than the average freelance writer The right (and wrong) way to get the attention of â€Å"big dog† bloggers Your main content marketing and subscriber acquisition strategy The difference between content marketing and direct response copy How to replicate your marketing model for your clients Notice: Due to popular request we have finally released our Freelance Writing Course. Come check it out if you want to get started freelance writing online. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseMay Have vs. Might Have

Demonstrate how people draw on social representations in making sense Essay

Demonstrate how people draw on social representations in making sense of their career trajectories. Draw on theoretical and empirical work in your response - Essay Example tremendous impact from these social representations, such as the need to conform and identify with similar groups of people, to act within the context of rule systems, and to be shaped by human relationships in our decisions. Occupational pursuits structure a large part of people’s daily social relations. How, then, does one come to choose the path of one’s career? In this paper, we will explore this very question, using the concepts of social representation and examples drawn specifically from an interview conducted with Bryony, a 19-year-old second year university student (see Appendix for interview transcript). systems of values, ideas and practices with a two-fold function; first, to establish an order which will enable individuals to orientate themselves in their material and social world and to master it; secondly, to enable communication to take place amongst members of a community by providing them with a code for social exchange and a code for naming and classifying unambiguously the various aspects of their world and their individual and group history. (Foreword) A social representation, then, is a kind of social knowledge which is shared by individuals through communication. It is practical in the sense that it is aimed at mastering real problems and issues, and is situated within unmistakable contexts faced by different groups of people in different positions. The manner in which one happens to be living ultimately directs the extent along which identities and relations unfold, and essentially defines social representation. Moscovici argues that there is a connection between the self-directed individual’s choices and his notions of the family, institutions, and professional categories, which determines possibilities for action, and eventually the destiny of each individual as well as society as a whole (International Balzan Foundation, 2006). Individuals essentially organize their experiences in the social realm, in situational dynamics

Risk and Returns Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk and Returns - Assignment Example In order to diversify the risk, the assets are held together forming a portfolio. The sum of variance for the portfolio is almost lower than a single average weight of individual portfolio, therefore, minimizing the overall risk of investment (Rachev, 2005).  To clearly illustrate the model, the following capital structure for Wal-Mart stores for the year 2010 is used. Each component cost could be determined using various formulas. For instance, to determine the cost of debt using the Wall mart sore which has $1,000 PV (par value) zero coupon bond outstanding. Assuming that the bonds are currently trading at $ 385.54 with a 10 year maturity period and a tax rate of 40%, then the cost could be determined as follow. Finally the cost of equity would be determined using capital asset pricing model would be used to determine the cost of the components. Assuming that the risk free rate in the market is 4% and having been given the beta factor of 3 for bond and 0 for money market instruments. For a risk take investor, he will consider using debt which is much cheaper than common equity and preference stock. This is a risky investment, though the overall return will be much higher. The average weighted cost of capital will be much lesser i.e. 9% as par the computation above. On the hand if the investor considers using less debt which is cheaper and opt to use more equality and common stock as shown in the capital structure bellow; In conclusion, it is clear that risk is a universal factor in investment decision since no one can really stay away fro it. Though that is the case, risk can be reduced based on individually capability as well as their knowledge. For one to have successful portfolio management, then it will depend on the right mix of all assets and individual investor’s overall risk expectation. One of the key important choices which an investor has to consider is his where his risk tolerance lies. This

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay The main purpose of the tertiary treatment is to ensure that the treated water which is to be released on to the environment is biologically accepted by all other fresh water organisms such as weeds and algae. This part of the treatment includes processes like physical water treatment, lagooning, and excessive nutrient removal processes.to ensure that the discharged water is raised in effluent quality before proceeding to the final stages. In physical water treatment, much of the residual suspended matters are removed using only physical processes such as sedimentation  method and the infamous filtration method. In the sedimentation  method, the water is place in a certain tank to allow all the remaining heaver objects to sink down to the bottom of the container. After few hours went most of the dense object are separated from the water, the cleared effluent or waste stream is removed. Sedimentation is one of the most common methods, quite often used at the beginning and the end of many water treating processes. Another physical method that is commonly used in the sewage water treatment system is the filtration method. In filtration, the water is allowed to pass through filters to separate the contaminating solids from the water. Sand filter is a common filter used in this process. In a number of wastewater treatment methods, semi-solid contaminants like grease and oil are allowed to float on the surface of the wat er, and then they are physically removed. Besides the in lagooning where lagoon is a stationary system having a continuous flow: several ponds working in parallel in which the inlet flow and the outlet flow are equals form lagoon plants. The lagooning technique is a natural and very efficient technique that consists in the accumulation of wastewater in ponds or basins, known as biological or stabilization ponds, where a series of biological, biochemical and physical processes take place. In these ponds or lagoons, certain types of the microorganism are actually supported as these biological agents help in treating the water further by removing the fine particulates. These types of biological ponds are usually classified as anaerobic ponds or oxidation ponds depending on the shape, depth, organic rate, level of treatment of that particular lagoon itself. The excessive nutrient removal is the most viral step in the last stages of the water treatment before the water is released to the environment. When the previously treated water comes to this area of the system, the nutrients level mainly nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is checked. Where if found in excess, the excessive nutrient removal step is carried out. This is because if the unchecked water supply is to be released into the natural water system (river, pond, etc.) it will cause a sudden increase in the native microorganism population of that certain water system. Some of the native microorganisms which are commonly found in ponds today are usually weeds, algae, and cyanobacteria. Therefore, after the sudden rapid grown in the population of these microorganisms, the number of algae for example, becomes unsustainable which causes most of them to die and eventually decay. The following decay process would substantially increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in that par ticular pond, which would cause the other fresh water living organism such as fishes to die as well. Firstly, the nitrogen removal process is carried out. There are various methods of removing nitrogen, each with advantages and disadvantages. However, the biological treatment method is used most commonly. With this method, organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrous and nitrate nitrogen in an aerobic environment, and is dispersed into the atmosphere as anaerobic nitrogen gas. Therefore the gas is removed from the water and released to the atmosphere. And as there is no secondary pollution, this can be called an effective method. In the removal of phosphorus is usually carried out using a method called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The first process in EBPR is the mainstream biological treatment process. Where the utilizing of aerobic and solids separation zones and the provision of return activated sludge are carried out. The next is a first side stream process for anoxic/anaerobic selection of desirable BPR organisms such as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Finally, a second side stream process serves to ferment organic material in some of the return activated sludge to produce food utilized in the first side stream selection process. The system permits the three processes to be separated from each other by creating two side streams, allowing all three processes to be controlled separately and optimized in satisfying their own specific goals. Besides this biological method, the removal of phosphorus can also be done via chemical precipitation, usually with salts of iron, alu minum, or lime. Chemical precipitation is usually more reliable, easier to operate, and requires smaller equipment footprint than biological removal. But the main back draws of this chemical method is that it may form excessive sludge production as hydroxides precipitates and the chemical used in this method might be considered expensive. The importance of Wastewater Treatment in our society Water scarcity is the major problem that is faced all across the world. Although 2/3rd of the earths crust is made up of water but all this water is not available for drinking and for other human activities as either it is locked in the form of ice or present in the form of vast saline oceans and seas. It has been found out that 97% of the total water is salty that is of no use to human and animals (except marine animal) and the remaining three percent is available as freshwater. More than half of this three percent is locked in glacier and less than 0.01% is available as fresh water. So water resources are less as compare to human demand for water. Above this, the major part of water that can be consumed is getting polluted because of human activities. This polluted and untreated water is causing abundant water borne diseases. Then the world is facing a huge climatic change which is further aggravating the water problem. Some of the regions are getting more rain water than earlier and some are getting almost negligible. Experts even believe that the next World War would not be for oil or land but it will be for water. Also because of improper use of water and lack of water treatment, the problem of water crisis will further increase where 884 million people are already not getting easy access to safe drinking water. And a further 2.5 billion people are getting difficult access to water for disposable and sanitation. Agriculture is also overusing and polluting the ground water thus depleting the natural source of water. So here water treatment plants will play important role. Water crisis at present is the biggest problem according to the United Nations. Almost 25 countries of Africa, parts of China, Peru and Brazil in Latin America, some parts of Middle East like Iran, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay are some of the countries that are facing the water crisis. Even other parts of the world are facing the varied levels of the water crisis. Because of acute shortage of water, the food problems are getting aggravated. About 40 million people in Africa are facing the problem of food shortage. It is expected that if the similar conditions will persist then there will be 500 million till 2025 who will suffer from these problems. Nature has its role but the major water problem is arising because of its increasing consumption and faulty usage. Major chunk of the problem can be solved if the wastewater treatment is taken very seriously and precautions at every step are taken to improve the water quality.

Life in Russia

It is quite possible that Russia may be best known for it†s long, and bitter winters. This extreme coldness also aided the country as a whole by keeping invaders at bay; For example, Adolf Hitler, and his Nazi army, were hesitant in entering the country during World War II. In Moscow, snow covers the ground for at least five months of the year. In the Northernmost region of Russia, there is snow present for between eight and ten months. Most of the coastal waters, such as: ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, remain frozen during the majority of the year. But after the harsh winter months have past, the weather swings harshly in the opposite direction. During the warmest days of the summer, it is not uncommon for the mercury to hit 100? F, although they average around 60? F. Precipitation throughout the year, rain, sleet, and snow, is usually light to moderate. The wettest part of the country is the European Plain, or the East Siberian Uplands, where rain falls on a daily basis during the spring. The majority of the vast inland receives little or no rain, but approximately four feet of snow during the winter. Russians, like Americans, enjoy watching television, and reading. They also love to play chess; visit the movie theaters; soak up the culture of an opera, or play; travel to a local museum; go for a walk, or participate in sports. The government of Russia strongly supports athletic events, especially team sports. Soccer is unopposed as the most popular participant, and spectator sport in the country. Russians also enjoy gymnastics, basketball, and during the winter, ice hockey is a hit among the children of the countrymen. Russians also enjoy nature. They really enjoy going on hikes, and spending time in the forests. Many have country cottages called dachas. There, they garden, hike, bicycle, swim, fish, gather mushrooms, and take part in the other outdoor activities. Russian people also love going on vacation to places other than their dachas during the summer. Popular vacationing sites include: the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Volga River. In Russia, fighting has been a way of life, as seen during all parts of its history. Russia has been a fighting country since the 800†³s. They were involved in constant war with the Mongols. Also, civil war has been a enormous problem for the Russians. In the early 1600†³s, a civil war broke out, inspired by an invasion by the Mongols, and the political confusing that followed about killed the country as a whole. Most recently, Russia was involved in World War I, fighting countries such as Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Shortly after, there was another civil war between the Communists and the anti-Communists. This war lasted two years, and ended up with a communist victory that led to the establishment of the USSR, or the Union of Soviet Social Republics, or in Russian, Rus Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, A union of the several countries that lay around Russia. Politically the USSR was divided (from 1940 to 1991) into 15 constituent or union republics-, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia Gerogia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, until its breakup in 1991. Since then, Russia, and other Soviet republics have become independent nations. The most well known being the Ukraine. Ukraine broke off, and quickly established its own currency, the Ukraine Ruble. The Ukraine is constantly bragging to Russia of all its wealth, but the Ukraine also boasts much higher inflation, and higher unemployment, for they are not as successful as they brag to Russia to be. Russia†s health care is free to its citizens. The government cares a lot about the health of its citizens, and it most certainly shows. They†re committed to meeting the basic needs of its people. Because of their poor economic state, the government does not have sufficient funds to support its health-care systems. This has led to medicine and equipment shortages, and low wages for health-care providers. Russia has an abundance of farmland. Due to the short growing season, insufficient rainfall, and lack of fertile soil, farming in Russia is extremely difficult. Many of the farms are operated like government factories. These farms are called sovkhozys. People do work, but don†t have much say in what†s grown. The other farms, called Kolkhozys, are government controlled, but partly managed by the farmers. What goes on here is that the farmers decide what to grow and the government tells them if it is acceptable to them or not. The major crops grown in Russia are barely, fruits, oats, potatoes, sunflowers, rye, sugar beets, and wheat. The diet of the Russians is very healthy and hearty. They eat bread virtually every meal. They also consume large quantities of sugar. Their main method of preparing food is by frying. They also drink large amounts of tea because coffee is too expensive. Their trademark drink is Vodka. They also drink wine, champagne, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. Alcohol abuse has been and remains to be a major social problem in Russia. The education in Russia is much different then the USA†s method of education its people. It consists of first through 10th grade, plus higher education. Using this method, which may seem abridged to Americans, eliminates two years of useless classes, and allows for Russians to leave school, and either begin to work, or go on to higher education. Elementary school consists of first through fourth grade. Classes meet six days a week for 4 ? hours a day with shorter periods on Saturday. Courses include math, art, music, language, P. E. , simple skills, and history. Intermediate grades consist of fifth through eighth grade. They meet thirty hours a week and are taught, zoology, physics, geography, shop work, and chemistry. Secondary grades consist of ninth through tenth grades and consist of math, science and work skills in different trades. This is to meet the governments need for specialists in science and Industry. Graduates with high marks receive medals and are relieved from required mandatory services so the can continue their education; these mandatory services include 2 years of military service for all graduates, except when they are relieved to pursue higher education. The higher schools that are present in Russia consist of 650 specialized schools and 70 universities which are currently educating some 6 ? illion students. Most programs take five years to complete, and then they must work for the government for 3 years, in order to repay their country for relieving them of their mandatory military service. They receive their diploma after one year of work. Russia thinks education is their road to success, and instead of offering countless useless classes, Russia provides healthy education, with strong emphasis on chemistry. They have over 52 million students and a strong majority of Russia†s country men are able to read and write in their native language. The U. S. S. R has a long constitution that gives all political power to the people and their elected representatives. However the country†s completely controlled by the communists. The Soviet Union lets no other political party to oppose the communist party. The ironic thing is only 17 million of the people in Russia are actually communists. Russia†s government resembles a triangle because each government body has to report to a higher authority. At the top of this triangle is the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The members are elected to 5 year terms and they only meet twice a year for about two weeks. They pass without question all the laws proposed by the communists party. The freedom of the Supreme Soviet is the head of state or president. He is elected by the communist leaders and he handles legislative matters between sessions of the Supreme Soviet. The council of Ministers are another government group in Russia and are the highest executive body. It controls economic and cultural life through various ministries and committees. The council of ministries also handles relations with other nations. It consists of 120 members, many of them are the highest ranking officials in the communist party. The Russian Orthodox Church was the central religion of Russia until the communists came to power. Communists are atheistic (people who are against the belief in God or Gods) and they view religion as â€Å"Opium for the people† a drug, or disease. When the communists came to power they destroyed churches and killed church leaders. However religion in Russia survived. In the 1940†³s, persecutions and restrictions eased up mainly because the church supported the governments choice of being involved in world war two. Then in the late 1850†³s the communists began closing non official places of worship. They also tried hard to discourage religion through education and propaganda. Still religion survived, there are 20 to 45 million followers of the Russian Orthodox Church; The people in the former Soviet Union are still among the most spiritually open people in the world – especially the youth – and for this, the number is rising. Muslims are the second largest religious group. Some religions like Jehovah†s witness are strictly prohibited by the communists. Russian language is remarkably similar even though there is such a diverse population. Russian language is understood from the west to the east part of the country. The Russian language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Certain minorities in Russia have their own language but they speak Russian as a second language. Russia like most countries has both urban and rural life styles. ? of Russia†s people live in cities. Russia has 35 cities that have 800,000 people or more, and Moscow along with St. Petersberg has 4 million. Many modern conveyances such as plumbing and air conditioning are not found. There is also a shortage of food and too much crime in Russian cities. Farmers populate much of Russia rural areas. There is also a lot less education and health care in the rural areas of Russia, for schools are not easily paid for in areas such as these. Russia is one of the richest countries on natural resource. Russia†s vast area provides for a lot of forest space, and water for hydraulic energy. There are also extensive mineral deposits. Russia also has a wide variety of plant and animal life. Industry is vital to Russia†s economy. Moscow and St. Petersberg are the biggest areas for manufacturing in Russia. Russia produces a lot heavy machinery and has many chemical, oil, and plant refineries as well. St. Petersberg also has a large ship building industry, and an even larger airplane parts industry. There is heavy trading with the US in airplane parts. Russia†s chemical plants produce items such as chemical fibers, mineral fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic resins. Transportation in Russia is very difficult because of its lack of roads and it†s vastness. Trains are the most common form of transportation and shipping. Aero Flat is Russia†s national airline and makes up most airline travel, although most people are unable to afford the enormous bill created by purchasing an airline ticket through Aero Flat. Roads are not commonly found because only 60 out of every 1,000 Russians own a car. City travel in Russia is taken care of by buses, trains, and subways. Communication equipment is unevenly distributed and not modernized, because of this only 15 out of every 100 Russians own a telephone. Russia is in a state of economic turmoil at the moment. It has had a lot of trouble moving from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. However Russia is making advancements under president Yeltsin; Inflation fell from 131% to 22% in 1996. These advancements are partially due to the fact that now, 80% of industry is now privatized; meaning, that 80% of all goods produced in Russia, are produced in a private sector of the country, by companies who control themselves. As of May 16, 1999, one United States Dollar would be converted into 24. 7367 Russian Rubles. Currently over 30 billion United States Dollars circulate throughout Russia, for just as in all foreign countries, the Russians hold on to the Dollars, and when the exchange rate is just right, they can make a pretty profit from their Dollar. Unemployment is not a very big problem in Russia. Only 9. 3% of its population remain unemployed, leaving a 73 million manned labor force ready to work. Many of these men work closely with the government, packaging and shipping exports, or receiving and checking over its imports. Major exports of the country include petroleum, natural gas, metals, and chemicals. Hard to find in Russia, and therefore heavily imported are: machinery, medicines, meat, grains, and especially sugar. The majority of this trading is done with North America, although Russia is also close trade partners with most of Europe, Japan, and some third world countries.

A Comparison of Fahrenheit 451 and Dover Beach Essay

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fahrenheit 451 is a well-written book that tells a story of a dream world and one man who wakes up from that dream. Montag, the protagonist of the story, brings home a book of poetry one day and begins to read the poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold to his wife and her guests. Many critics think that Bradbury picked this poem because it paralleled life in his book. The poem Dover Beach can be compared to Fahrenheit 451 because both pieces of writing talk about themes of true love, fantasy and allover hopelessness. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the ways Fahrenheit 451 can be related to Arnold’s Dover Beach is by connecting the absense of true love in both of them. Throughout the book, Montag slowly†¦show more content†¦Firemen are there to keep the peace. Beatty even says to Montag quot;I dont think you realize how important you are, we are, to our happy world as it stands now (62)quot;. He is implying that they, being the firemen, keep the world that they live in happy, because that is the world they are used to being happy in. Their land of nonsense information is their dream world that people live in without thinking of other possibilities for living. The beauty of the real world is masked by the tall buildings of the city, which the firemen keep up to make the people happy. When people are discovered hiding books in their houses, they are letting the light of the real world show through. Outside of the city, the real world really shines through. The gang of men who memoriz e books is showing that the real world does exist, though it cannot fully be real without the actual books. In the poem Dover Beach, Arnold says quot;the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain...quot;. This can be compared to Bradburys dream world of the city, which is a land of dreams, yet has no real love, joy, or peace. Yet, quot;we are here as on a darkling plainquot;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both Arnold and Bradbury use their writings to talk about the cycles of life and itsShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Fahrenheit 451 and Dover Beach1216 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451 is a well-written book that tells a story of a dream world and one man who wakes up from that dream. Montag, the protagonist of the story, brings home a book of poetry one day and begins to read the poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold to his wife and her guests. Many critics think that Bradbury picked this poem because it paralleled life in his book. The poem Dover Beach can be compared to Fahrenheit 451 because both pieces of writing talk about themes of true love, fantasy and alloverRead MoreAlliteration In Leda And The Swan By Ray Bradbury1852 Words   |  8 Pagesusually) (Literature: A Portable Anthology). Example: In Fahrenheit 451, Montag states, â€Å"It’s fine work. Monday burn Millay, Wednesday Whitman, Friday Faulkner, burn’em to ashes. That’s our official slogan.† The repetition sound of â€Å"M,† â€Å"W,† and â€Å"F,† show alliteration (Bradbury 6). Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, place, event, literary work, or work of art (Literary Devices). Example: On page fifty-seven of Fahrenheit 451, Beatty says, â€Å"Colored people don’t like Little Black Sambo

Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco

Monaco is a small European country located between southeastern France and the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered the second smallest country in the world (after Vatican City) by area. Monaco has only one official city, which is its capital and is famous as being a resort area for some of the worlds richest people. Monte Carlo, an administrative area of Monaco, is the countrys most famous area due to its location on the French Riviera, its casino, the Monte Carlo Casino, and several beach and resort communities. Fast Facts: Monaco Official Name: Principality of MonacoCapital: MonacoPopulation: 30,727 (2018)Official Language: French  Currency: Euro (EUR)Form of Government: Constitutional monarchyClimate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summersTotal Area: 0.77 square miles (2 square kilometers)Highest Point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel at 531 feet (162 meters)  Lowest Point: Mediterranean Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Monaco Monaco was first founded in 1215 as a Genoan colony. It then came under the control of the House of Grimaldi in 1297 and remained independent until 1789. In that year, Monaco was annexed by France and was under French control until 1814. In 1815, Monaco became a protectorate of Sardinia under the Treaty of Vienna. It remained a protectorate until 1861 when the Franco-Monegasque Treaty established its independence but it remained under the guardianship of France.Monacos first constitution was put into effect in 1911 and in 1918 it signed a treaty with France which stated that its government would support French military, political and economic interests and that if the Grimaldi dynasty (which still controlled Monaco at the time) were to die out, the country would remain independent but be under French protection. Throughout the mid-1900s, Monaco was controlled by Prince Rainier III (who took over the throne on May 9, 1949). Prince Rainier is most famous for his marriage to American actress Grace Kelly in 1956, who was killed in a car accident near Monte Carlo in 1982. In 1962, Monaco established a new constitution and in 1993 it became a member of the United Nations. It then joined the Council of Europe in 2003. In April 2005, Prince Rainier III died. He was the longest serving monarch in Europe at the time. In July of the same year his son, Prince Albert II ascended the throne. Government of Monaco Monaco is considered a constitutional monarchy and its official name is the Principality of Monaco. It has an executive branch of government with a chief of state (Prince Albert II) and a head of government. It also has a legislative branch with a unicameral National Council and a judicial branch with a Supreme Court.Monaco is also divided into four quarters for local administration. The first of these is Monaco-Ville, which is the old city of Monaco and which sits on a headland in the Mediterranean. The other quarters are La Condamine on the countrys port, Fontvieille, which is a newly built area, and Monte Carlo, Monacos largest residential and resort area. Economics and Land Use in Monaco A large part of Monacos economy is focused on tourism, as it is a popular European resort area. In addition, Monaco is also a large banking center, has no income tax, and has low taxes for its businesses. Industries other than tourism in Monaco include construction and industrial and consumer products on a small scale. There is no large scale commercial agriculture in the country. Geography and Climate of Monaco Monaco is the worlds second smallest country by area and is surrounded on three sides by France and on one by the Mediterranean Sea. It is located only 11 miles (18 km) from Nice, France, and is also close to Italy. Most of Monacos topography is rugged and hilly and its coastal portions are rocky. Monacos climate is considered Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average low temperature in January 47 degrees (8 °C) and the average high temperature in July is 78 degrees (26 °C). More Facts About Monaco †¢ Monaco is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.†¢ Locals from Monaco are called Monà ©gasques.†¢ Monà ©gasques are not allowed to enter Monte Carlos famous Monte Carlo Casino and visitors must show their foreign passports upon entry.†¢ The French make up the largest part of Monacos population. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Monaco.Infoplease. Monaco: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Monaco.